Reactivity & Chemical Bonding
Chemical Behavior & Oxidation States
Samarium exhibits chemical reactivity characteristic of the lanthanide family, governed by an electronegativity of 1.17 and standard valence interactions.
Z = 62Lanthanide
Launch 3D Atom & Orbitals LabSamarium
Sm
Standard Atomic Mass: 150.36 u
Period 6Group 3F-Block
Chemical Specimen/Sm
Concentric Electron Shells6 Energy Levels
n=1: 2e⁻→
n=2: 8e⁻→
n=3: 18e⁻→
n=4: 24e⁻→
n=5: 8e⁻→
n=6: 2e⁻
Scientific Monograph • Lanthanide
3D Atom SimulatorSamarium (Sm) Scientific Profile
Samarium (Sm) is an element with atomic number 62, classified as a lanthanide. Positioned in Period 6, Group 3, and F-block, its chemical and physical profile is defined by its electron configuration ([Xe]4f⁶6s²) and periodic trends.
Interactive Virtual Labs Available for Samarium
3D Orbitals & Valence Lab
Simulate concentric quantum energy levels, observe valence electron spins, and examine live atomic clouds in full 3D.
Electronic Configuration Lab
Experiment with Aufbau subshell ordering, explore orbital occupancy, and analyze quantum configuration exceptions.
Electron Config
[Xe]4f⁶6s²
Electronegativity
1.17 Pauling
Year Discovered
1879
Orbital Shells
6 Principal Levels
Orbital Block
f-block orbital
Group / Period
G: 3 • P: 6
Technological Utility
Industrial & Energy Applications
Samarium is utilized in industrial fabrication, materials engineering, electronic manufacturing, and advanced laboratory research based on its specific thermodynamic properties.
Biological Role
Biomedical Profile & Toxicity
Samarium does not play a prominent biological role in human biochemistry, existing primarily as a trace element or mineral component in natural ecosystems.
Geochemistry & Abundance
Cosmic & Terrestrial Occurrence
Elements like Samarium are synthesized through stellar nucleosynthesis and supernovae r-processes. On Earth, Samarium is concentrated in specific ore deposits or synthesized in nuclear accelerators.
Frequently Asked Questions about Samarium
Q
What are the key physical and atomic properties of Samarium?
Samarium (Sm) has an atomic number of 62 and a standard atomic mass of 150.36 u. It is positioned in Period 6, Group 3, in the F-block, and is classified within the Lanthanide category.
Q
What is the electron configuration of Samarium?
The ground-state electron configuration of Samarium is [Xe]4f⁶6s². Its 62 electrons are distributed across 6 principal energy levels (2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2).
Q
Why does Samarium exhibit an electron configuration exception?
Samarium follows standard Aufbau principle orbital filling. Transition metals and heavy elements optimize their shell filling based on subshell exchange energy and electrostatic stability.
Q
What are the primary commercial and laboratory uses of Samarium?
Samarium is utilized in industrial fabrication, materials engineering, electronic manufacturing, and advanced laboratory research based on its specific thermodynamic properties.