Reactivity & Chemical Bonding
Chemical Behavior & Oxidation States
Indium exhibits chemical reactivity characteristic of the post transition family, governed by an electronegativity of 1.78 and standard valence interactions.
Z = 49Post-Transition Metal
Launch 3D Atom & Orbitals LabIndium
In
Standard Atomic Mass: 114.82 u
Period 5Group 13P-Block
Chemical Specimen/In
Concentric Electron Shells5 Energy Levels
n=1: 2e⁻→
n=2: 8e⁻→
n=3: 18e⁻→
n=4: 18e⁻→
n=5: 3e⁻
Scientific Monograph • Post-Transition Metal
3D Atom SimulatorIndium (In) Scientific Profile
Indium (In) is an element with atomic number 49, classified as a post transition. Positioned in Period 5, Group 13, and P-block, its chemical and physical profile is defined by its electron configuration ([Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p¹) and periodic trends.
Interactive Virtual Labs Available for Indium
3D Orbitals & Valence Lab
Simulate concentric quantum energy levels, observe valence electron spins, and examine live atomic clouds in full 3D.
Electronic Configuration Lab
Experiment with Aufbau subshell ordering, explore orbital occupancy, and analyze quantum configuration exceptions.
Electron Config
[Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p¹
Electronegativity
1.78 Pauling
Year Discovered
Ancient Era
Orbital Shells
5 Principal Levels
Orbital Block
p-block orbital
Group / Period
G: 13 • P: 5
Technological Utility
Industrial & Energy Applications
Indium is utilized in industrial fabrication, materials engineering, electronic manufacturing, and advanced laboratory research based on its specific thermodynamic properties.
Biological Role
Biomedical Profile & Toxicity
Indium does not play a prominent biological role in human biochemistry, existing primarily as a trace element or mineral component in natural ecosystems.
Geochemistry & Abundance
Cosmic & Terrestrial Occurrence
Elements like Indium are synthesized through stellar nucleosynthesis and supernovae r-processes. On Earth, Indium is concentrated in specific ore deposits or synthesized in nuclear accelerators.
Frequently Asked Questions about Indium
Q
What are the key physical and atomic properties of Indium?
Indium (In) has an atomic number of 49 and a standard atomic mass of 114.82 u. It is positioned in Period 5, Group 13, in the P-block, and is classified within the Post-Transition Metal category.
Q
What is the electron configuration of Indium?
The ground-state electron configuration of Indium is [Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p¹. Its 49 electrons are distributed across 5 principal energy levels (2, 8, 18, 18, 3).
Q
Why does Indium exhibit an electron configuration exception?
Indium follows standard Aufbau principle orbital filling. Transition metals and heavy elements optimize their shell filling based on subshell exchange energy and electrostatic stability.
Q
What are the primary commercial and laboratory uses of Indium?
Indium is utilized in industrial fabrication, materials engineering, electronic manufacturing, and advanced laboratory research based on its specific thermodynamic properties.