Reactivity & Chemical Bonding
Chemical Behavior & Oxidation States
Antimony exhibits chemical reactivity characteristic of the metalloid family, governed by an electronegativity of 2.05 and standard valence interactions.
Z = 51Metalloid
Launch 3D Atom & Orbitals LabAntimony
Sb
Standard Atomic Mass: 121.76 u
Period 5Group 15P-Block
Chemical Specimen/Sb
Concentric Electron Shells5 Energy Levels
n=1: 2e⁻→
n=2: 8e⁻→
n=3: 18e⁻→
n=4: 18e⁻→
n=5: 5e⁻
Scientific Monograph • Metalloid
3D Atom SimulatorAntimony (Sb) Scientific Profile
Antimony (Sb) is an element with atomic number 51, classified as a metalloid. Positioned in Period 5, Group 15, and P-block, its chemical and physical profile is defined by its electron configuration ([Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p³) and periodic trends.
Interactive Virtual Labs Available for Antimony
3D Orbitals & Valence Lab
Simulate concentric quantum energy levels, observe valence electron spins, and examine live atomic clouds in full 3D.
Electronic Configuration Lab
Experiment with Aufbau subshell ordering, explore orbital occupancy, and analyze quantum configuration exceptions.
Electron Config
[Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p³
Electronegativity
2.05 Pauling
Year Discovered
Ancient
Orbital Shells
5 Principal Levels
Orbital Block
p-block orbital
Group / Period
G: 15 • P: 5
Technological Utility
Industrial & Energy Applications
Antimony is utilized in industrial fabrication, materials engineering, electronic manufacturing, and advanced laboratory research based on its specific thermodynamic properties.
Biological Role
Biomedical Profile & Toxicity
Antimony does not play a prominent biological role in human biochemistry, existing primarily as a trace element or mineral component in natural ecosystems.
Geochemistry & Abundance
Cosmic & Terrestrial Occurrence
Elements like Antimony are synthesized through stellar nucleosynthesis and supernovae r-processes. On Earth, Antimony is concentrated in specific ore deposits or synthesized in nuclear accelerators.
Frequently Asked Questions about Antimony
Q
What are the key physical and atomic properties of Antimony?
Antimony (Sb) has an atomic number of 51 and a standard atomic mass of 121.76 u. It is positioned in Period 5, Group 15, in the P-block, and is classified within the Metalloid category.
Q
What is the electron configuration of Antimony?
The ground-state electron configuration of Antimony is [Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p³. Its 51 electrons are distributed across 5 principal energy levels (2, 8, 18, 18, 5).
Q
Why does Antimony exhibit an electron configuration exception?
Antimony follows standard Aufbau principle orbital filling. Transition metals and heavy elements optimize their shell filling based on subshell exchange energy and electrostatic stability.
Q
What are the primary commercial and laboratory uses of Antimony?
Antimony is utilized in industrial fabrication, materials engineering, electronic manufacturing, and advanced laboratory research based on its specific thermodynamic properties.