Scientific Foundation
What is complex numbers & fractal geometry?
Complex numbers z = a + bi (where i² = -1) extend the 1D real number line into the 2D Argand plane. In polar form, z = r e^(iθ) with modulus r = √(a² + b²) and argument θ = arctan(b/a). Complex multiplication multiplies magnitudes and adds angles: z₁ · z₂ = (r₁ r₂) e^(i(θ₁ + θ₂)). The Mandelbrot set is the collection of complex parameters c for which the quadratic recurrence z_{n+1} = z_n² + c remains bounded starting from z₀ = 0.
