Scientific Foundation
What is linear algebra & matrix transformations?
A 2×2 matrix A = [[a, b], [c, d]] represents a linear transformation of 2D space. The columns of the matrix specify where the standard basis vectors land: î = (1, 0) transforms to (a, c) and ĵ = (0, 1) transforms to (b, d). The determinant det(A) = ad - bc measures the factor by which area scales under the transformation; a negative determinant indicates a spatial orientation (chirality) inversion. Eigenvectors are non-zero vectors whose direction remains completely unchanged by the transformation, only scaled by factor λ.
